X and Y chromosome are sex determining factors in human beings. Chromosome are made up of genetic material. X and Y chromosome has different genetic material. Chromosome are thin thread like structure that coil and forms a close mesh like structure and gets fits into nucleus of the cell. Chromosomes caries this genetic material from one generation to another generation, these X and Y chromosomes are transferred from parents to their off springs. Chromosomes are made of protein and one molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid.
Understand difference between X and Y chromosome ,
Human beings have diploid set of chromosomes that are 46 chromosomes. Its haploid count is 23 pairs of chromosomes. In this count 22 pairs are autosomes. 23rd pair of chromosome is sex chromosome that decides the sex of individual. X chromosome represents female and Y chromosome represents male. Sex chromosome decides sex of the individuals.
In female there are two XX chromosomes while in males there are X and Y chromosome. Mother has X chromosome and father has Y chromosome. Hence father decides the sex of new born child and not mother. Because mother has only X chromosome active whereas male has X as well as Y chromosome active and depends which chromosome has passed to the female for fertilization.
Understanding Obstetrics vs Gynecology
X chromosome:
X chromosome is sex determining chromosome. X chromosome is much larger than Y chromosomes and has many gens and traits than that of Y chromosome. X chromosomes have more traits so it is more susceptible to diseases that Y chromosome. This chromosome is present in both males and females. X chromosome is involved in various developmental parts of body like brain.
X chromosome is called metacentric, because centromere is present at center of chromosomes. X chromosome contains large amount of euchromatin and less amount of heterochromatin. X chromosome contains large amount of chromatin, covers large amount of genetic makeup up to 10% in human body.
Y chromosome:
This chromosome is smaller than that of X chromosome. This chromosome is involved in deciding male reproductive system and male gender. Number of genes present on Y chromosome is less than that of X chromosome. There are 80 genes on Y chromosome and scientists have reported that there will be decline in this number in future. Y chromosome does not take part in genetic recombination as like of X chromosome, there is less genetic diversity in Y linked traits.
Y chromosome can make ancestry studies easier, as there are less chances of recombination in Y chromosome it becomes easy to trace paternal linkage in Y chromosomes, except the frequent chances of mutation. Particular area on Y chromosome helps to understand shared ancestry. Males has only one copy of chromosome and females don’t even have one. Y chromosome is acrocentric as it is present at one of the end of the chromosomes.
Y chromosomes has large amount of heterochromatin than euchromatin. Y chromosomes is present only in males so it is male determining gene that’s takes part in development of male reproductive system like testes, sperm movements, sperm formation and other male characteristics.
This article helps distinguish male and female conflicts regarding their sexes. This knowledge helps us to understand genetic disorders related to the chromosomes such as color blindness and hemophilia. This study helps to understand the sex related interactions related to chromosomes and defect in the chromosomes. These defective chromosomes can lead to variety of evolutionary disorders, sex related disorders and genetic inherited diseases.
Do females inherit both X chromosome from mother?
No, females have two X chromosome. Females inherit one X chromosome from mother and one X chromosome from father. Males has one X chromosome and One Y chromosome, one from them is transferred to the women.
Is X chromosome preset in both male and female?
Yes, both male and female have at least one X chromosome. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY). Females have two X chromosome (XX).
What are the disorders related to X chromosome?
X chromosome is larger than of Y chromosome. X chromosome has more number of genes than Y chromosome. So X chromosome is more susceptible to disorders. There are certain genetic disorders, such as hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy genes that are responsible for these disorders are present on X chromosome.
Will Y chromosome evolve or disappear over time?
Researchers are studying for long term evolutionary changes in Y chromosome. It is found that genes on Y chromosomes are shrinking over period of time, but it is still functional and continues to play a very crucial role in male reproductive system. It was said that male chromosome will disappear over period of time, but it’s a myth. Modifications may happen in Y chromosome but Y chromosome will not disappear over period of time.